AI's Growing Role in US Politics: Reshaping Campaigns and Citizen Engagement

Artificial intelligence is rapidly changing American politics, influencing everything from campaign strategies to citizen engagement. As AI tools become more sophisticated and accessible, they present both opportunities and risks for the democratic process.

AI Augments Traditional Campaign Tactics

Political campaigns are increasingly using AI to enhance their traditional methods. This includes personalizing emails, targeting specific audiences, and streamlining fundraising efforts.

For instance, groups like Tech for Campaigns have used AI to significantly cut down the time spent on drafting fundraising appeals. Challengers in elections are also leveraging AI to gain attention and level the playing field.

Early AI Adoption in Political Races

During the 2024 cycle, candidates experimented with AI avatars and robocalls to engage voters. As voters become more accustomed to AI-driven political communications, these tactics are expected to become more widespread.

Strategists also use AI to analyze public opinion data, gaining deeper insights into voter perspectives. A majority of political consultants now regularly use AI in their work, believing it will transform the field.

Partisan Divide in AI Investment

Both Republicans and Democrats are developing AI tools for campaigning, but there's an investment gap. Republican groups like Push Digital Group are using AI to automate ad creation and strategy.

Meanwhile, Democratic-aligned startups like Chorus AI and Battleground AI offer AI tools for generating social media ads. Progressive venture funds are investing heavily in AI, while Republican counterparts operate on a smaller scale.

AI's Impact Beyond Campaigns

Beyond traditional campaigning, AI is being used to drive political movements and facilitate deliberation. In Denmark, an AI model even founded a political party, showcasing AI's potential to formulate political platforms.

AIs are also helping legislators gather input from constituents and hold large-scale citizen assemblies. This AI-driven sensemaking could play a significant role in shaping future public policy.

Empowering Citizens and Labor

There's a growing movement to put AI in the hands of the public. Civic technologists in various countries are building alternatives to Big Tech AI models for public administration and distribution.

Labor organizers are also leveraging AI to build power, using it to connect with members and provide guidance. Unions have even used AI's symbolic power to highlight the potential displacement of workers.

Risks of AI in Politics

AI is not neutral; it can be used for various purposes, including voter suppression. Some activists have used AI tools to challenge voter registrations, amplifying partisan agendas.

That said, citizens can also use AI to safeguard elections. In Ghana's 2024 election, AI tools were used to detect and mitigate disinformation on social media.

AI's Double-Edged Sword

Americans are already using AI for political self-expression, with millions using chatbots to contact their elected leaders. However, the potential for misuse remains a concern.

While companies like OpenAI have safeguards, the availability of free AI models makes it difficult to prevent misuse. The most significant risk may be governments using AI to surveil and punish political speech.

Looking Ahead to Future Elections

The impact of AI on elections will depend on how different actors use the technology. With limited regulation, the decisions of how and when to use AI are largely up to individuals and political entities.

AI companies are lobbying heavily to prevent regulation, and the ultimate effect on future elections remains uncertain. As candidates and organizations experiment with AI, those that find effective uses will likely exploit it.