Global AI and Facial Recognition Regulation

Global Frameworks for AI and Facial Recognition Tech

Despite increasing awareness, the worldwide regulation of facial recognition technology (FRT) remains as disjointed as the governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Though international efforts by organizations like the United Nations (UN), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the World Economic Forum (WEF) offer guiding principles, they lack the power of enforceable standards. On 27 July 2025, UN tech leader Doreen Bogdan-Martin stressed the urgent need for a global strategy for AI regulation, citing the risk of fragmented efforts that could worsen inequalities.

This policy brief examines how FRT poses challenges to current governance structures because of its swift advancement, complicated nature, and ethical considerations. Research indicates that regulatory delays stem not only from the rapid pace of technological progress but also from which perspectives are included in discussions. Early warnings regarding privacy and rights from civil society were initially disregarded in FRT debates until governments and major tech companies echoed them. This lack of representation, along with the speed of innovation, contributes to the gap between regulation and public concerns.

Adaptive and Inclusive Governance

To improve FRT governance, this policy brief suggests an adaptive and inclusive model that seeks to find a balance between flexibility and democratic legitimacy. Adaptive governance, characterized by decentralized decision-making, iterative policy learning, and responsiveness, can help manage the uncertainties and changing risks associated with specific AI applications like FRT. Inclusivity plays a crucial role in ensuring the legitimacy of FRT governance.

Policy Recommendations

The brief proposes three policy recommendations for national regulators, multilateral organizations, and regional policymakers concerning future AI governance: (1) mandate transparent labeling of AI systems, (2) reframe AI as a societal concern, not just a security tool, and (3) integrate civil society into AI governance forums. Implementing these measures would foster a more proactive, equitable, and context-aware framework for the global regulation of AI. These recommendations come at a particularly relevant time, with the AI Impact Summit scheduled for February 2026 in Delhi, where global policymakers will gather to develop an international vision for AI governance that encompasses FRT.