INL: AI's Role in Nuclear Power

AI’s Role in Nuclear Power at Idaho National Laboratory

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is at the forefront of integrating AI technology into nuclear power systems, a move that could revolutionize energy production and national security. During a recent tour by Idaho’s Joint Financial Appropriations and Finance committee, INL showcased how AI is transforming the efficiency and safety of nuclear reactors, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges in this rapidly evolving field.

The tour, which included stops at key locations in Idaho Falls, culminated at INL, where Chris Ritter, director of the Digital Innovation Center of Excellence, discussed the laboratory’s focus on AI. Ritter emphasized the rapid advancements in AI, noting that while early AI systems often produced inaccurate results, modern AI can now generate highly precise outcomes, including realistic imagery and videos.

The Dual Nature of AI in Nuclear Power

Ritter highlighted the dual potential of AI in nuclear applications. While AI can significantly enhance reactor efficiency and safety, it also poses risks, particularly in the realm of national security. "It’s incredibly important that America is the leader when it comes to AI," Ritter stated, pointing out that the U.S. is currently lagging behind China in AI development. He stressed the critical role of nuclear energy in maintaining the U.S.’s global leadership in AI, as the technology requires substantial power resources.

The concern over energy infrastructure is underscored by China’s rapid progress in building facilities to support 32 gigawatts of power. In contrast, the U.S. is struggling to meet its energy demands, with projections indicating a need for 29 gigawatts by 2027 and an additional 67 gigawatts by 2030. Ritter, citing former Google chairman Eric Schmidt, warned that the U.S. must accelerate its efforts to avoid falling further behind.

Funding and Challenges in AI-Powered Nuclear Reactors

To bridge the energy gap, the U.S. is investing in more nuclear reactors, with major tech companies like Meta, Amazon, Google, and Microsoft backing these initiatives. However, securing sufficient fuel and materials for these reactors remains a significant challenge. INL is exploring the use of AI to evaluate materials for reactor use, particularly after irradiation tests, which could streamline the qualification process and maximize the use of existing federal funds.

Ritter explained that AI could automate repetitive testing processes, allowing for 24/7 operation compared to the limited work hours of human operators. This continuous testing could accelerate the qualification of reactor materials, ensuring that federal investments are utilized more effectively.

AI in Microreactor Management

One of the most promising applications of AI in nuclear power is its ability to manage microreactors. Ritter noted that while a typical microreactor requires 16 human operators, AI could significantly reduce this number. By combining human expertise with AI’s ability to synchronize complex systems, INL aims to optimize microreactor operations.

INL has conducted tests to evaluate AI’s performance in managing reactor-like systems. In one test using a heat pipe, AI’s performance was nearly identical to that of a human operator. Another test, conducted in collaboration with Idaho State University, involved connecting a digital five-watt reactor to the cloud and using an AI model to predict student usage. This test marked the world’s first digital twin limiting reactor experiment, showcasing AI’s potential in real-world nuclear applications.

The Future of AI in Nuclear Power

As AI continues to advance, its role in nuclear power is expected to grow. INL’s research underscores the importance of balancing innovation with caution, ensuring that AI’s benefits are harnessed while mitigating potential risks. With the U.S. facing critical energy challenges, AI’s integration into nuclear power systems could be a key solution, driving efficiency, safety, and national security.

"AI is not just about technology; it’s about securing our future," Ritter concluded. "By leveraging AI in nuclear power, we can ensure that the U.S. remains a global leader in energy and innovation."