Ukraine War: How AI Drones are Changing Warfare and Raising Ethical Concerns

Source: bbc.com

Published on October 10, 2025 at 10:21 AM

The conflict in Ukraine is rapidly evolving as both sides increasingly deploy artificial intelligence. AI-powered drones are now capable of independently identifying and attacking targets, raising questions about the future of warfare.

Unstoppable AI Drones

Serhiy Beskrestnov, a Ukrainian defense consultant, examined a captured Russian drone. Unlike conventional models, this drone uses AI to select targets, without relying on external signals that can be jammed.

AI's Indispensable Role

Ukraine's deputy defense minister, Yuriy Myronenko, notes the army processes over 50,000 video streams monthly. AI analyzes this data, pinpointing targets and mapping them, proving vital for strategic planning and resource optimization.

The Rise of Autonomous Weapons

Ukrainian troops are already using AI-driven software. These drones autonomously lock onto targets and complete missions. Yaroslav Azhnyuk, CEO of The Fourth Law, envisions a future where soldiers launch attacks via smartphone, with drones handling the entire operation.

Strengthening Defenses

Interceptor drones could enhance defenses against Russian drones like the Shaheds. Azhnyuk argues AI systems surpass human capabilities with greater speed and perception.

Development Concerns

While Myronenko suggests Ukraine is nearing completion of such systems, developers are wary. Vadym, from DevDroid, highlights the risk of AI misidentifying soldiers due to similar uniforms, so automatic shooting is disabled.

Ethical Considerations

There are fears AI-driven systems might violate rules of war, potentially harming civilians or ignoring surrendering soldiers. While Myronenko believes humans should retain final decision-making power, adherence to international norms isn't guaranteed.

Counteracting AI Threats

Ukraine's successful "Spider Web" operation, which targeted Russian air bases using drones, likely utilized AI. Volodymyr Zelensky has warned the UN that AI fuels a destructive arms race, and he advocates for global rules comparable to those preventing nuclear proliferation.